Open Skies

Open Skies: The National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Its Impact on US Radio Astronomy by Kellermann, K.I., Bouton, E.N. and Brandt, S.S. (Springer, 2020).

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Open Skies Endnotes

Endnotes (with URLs to NRAO/AUI Archives digital materials) for Kellermann, K.I., Bouton, E.N., and Brandt, S.S.: Open Skies: The National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Its Impact on US Radio Astronomy (Springer, 2020).

 

Preface

Interview with David S. Heeschen, 13 July 2011.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13898

Chapter 1

26. GR to G. Southworth, 15 April 1960, NAA-GR, General Correspondence.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18802

49. JLG to GR, 13 March 1962, NAA-GR, General Correspondence I.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18862

51. Oral interview WTS with Gennady Potapenko, 26 December 1974; 21 August 1975, NAA-WTS, Working Files, Interviewees, Potapenko.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/15124, https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/15125

57. NAA-GR, Notes and Papers, 1938.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13224

58. GR to R. Langer, 7 July 1937, NAA-GR, General Correspondence.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18462

59. GR to Edwin Hubble, 5 January 1939, NAA-GR, General Correspondence.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18470

60. GR to KGJ, 26 April 1937, NAA-GR, General Correspondence.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18458

63. S. Reber to GR, 16 December 1938, NAA-GR, General Correspondence I.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18467

64. F. Whipple to GR, 22 December 1938, NAA-GR, General Correspondence I.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18468

Chapter 2

7. GR to JLG, 3 November 1946, NAA–GR, General Correspondence.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18525

8. GR to JLG, 21 November 1946, NAA-GR, General Correspondence I. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18527

19. J. Oort to GR, 30 August 1945.  NAA-GR, General Correspondence I. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18491

20.  GR to JLG, 19 November 1950, NAA-GR, General Correspondence I. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18634

21. A personal accounts of Ewen’s career and his detection of the 21 cm line can be found in https://www.nrao.edu/archives/static/Ewen/ewen_HI.shtml, his interview with the AIP at https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/6659, his interview with Woody Sullivan at, https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/14880, and Ewen’s 19 February 1978 handwritten notes to Purcell held at the Harvard University Archives in the papers of Edward Purcell.

25. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/static/Ewen/ewen_harvard24and60.shtml

28. GR to H. Ewen and E. Purcell, 8 October 1951, NAA-GR, General Correspondence I.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18660. The 327 MHz line of deuterium escaped detection by radio astronomers for more than another half century (Rogers 2007).

29. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/static/Ewen/ewen_harvard24and60.shtml

30. The initiative by Wade to involve Bok and Ewen in pursuing further radio astronomy work at Harvard was described by Wade, T. K. Menon and David Heeschen in their interviews with the authors 21 March 2015. 27 July 2012 and 31 May 2011 respectively, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/15277, https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/14940

33. A. Waterman, 28 April 1956, “Windows on the Future,” Remarks at the Dedication of the George A. Agassiz Telescope. NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21726

38. GR to H. Shapley, 27 July 1946, NAA-GR, General Correspondence I. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18507

39. GR to O. Struve, 16 July 1946; GR to H. Shapley, 27 July 1946; GR to C. Schauer, 12 October 1954, NAA-GR, General Correspondence I.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18505, https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18507, https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/17857

40. GR to O. Struve, 3 October 1950, NAA-GR, General Correspondence I.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18630

Chapter 3

Further Reading:  Bok, B.J. 1956, Toward a National Radio Observatory, August 7, 1956, NAA-NRAO Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21729

50. Menzel to Berkner, 13 April 1954, “Survey of the Potentialities of Cooperative Research in Radio Astronomy,” NAA-DSH, Radio Astronomy History, NRAO.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/9061

61. Research Proposal to the National Science Foundation for a Grant in Support of a Feasibility Study for a National Radio Astronomy Facility, 26 July 1954.  NAA-NRAO Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21722

87. Plan for a Radio Astronomy Observatory p. 31.  NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21728

91. Research Objectives for Large Steerable Paraboloid Radio Reflectors (prepared by Bok and his Panel for the AUI Steering Committee), 22 April 1955, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21723

144. NSF-AUI meeting 2 April 1956, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Meeting Minutes.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16254

146. Plan for a Radio Astronomy Observatory p. 39.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21728

158. Waterman, Remarks at the Dedication of the George R. Agassiz Telescope, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21726

164. NAA-WTS, Sullivan interview with John Hagen, 27 August 1976. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/14926

173. Bok, 7 August 1956, Toward a National Radio Observatory, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.   https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21729

179. Feasibility Report for the National Science Foundation on Construction of a National Radio-Astronomy-Facility, 7 May 1955. NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21741

180. Emberson, 16 January 1956 memo to radio astronomy file, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Correspondence.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21905

221. NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21730

Chapter 4

17. Sullivan interview with Findlay, 14 August 1981, NAA-WTS, Individuals. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/14884

19. KIK, ENB, and David Hogg interview with DSH, 31 May 2011, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13895

49. KIK interview with Frank Drake, 14  September, 2010, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13894

58. KIK, ENB, and David Hogg interview with DSH, 31 May and July 2011, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13895, https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13898

129. Reber to Findlay, 2 April 1965, NAA-NRAO, Green Bank Operations, LFST Box 7. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18965

137. KIK interview with DSH, 31 May 2011, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13895

151. Rabi to Struve, 17 November 1961, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Correspondence.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21831

152. Rabi to NRAO Staff, 17 November 1961, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Correspondence.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21832

154. Pawsey to Rabi, 26 November 1961, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Antenna Planning.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16182

165. J.L. Pawsey: Notes of Future Program at Green Bank, 17 July 1962.  NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Antenna Planning, Box 2.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16206

171. KIK interview with DSH, 13 July 2011, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13898

Chapter 5

References:  Palmer, P. and Zuckerman, B. 1972, Ozma Revisited, NRAO Observer, 13 (6), 26.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/35028

22. Sullivan interview of Drake, 27 April 1979, NAA-WTS, Individuals.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/14851

Chapter 6

No NRAO/AUI Archives citations in Chapter 6.

Chapter 7

References:  Lancaster, J. 1982, Very Large Array Completion Report (Socorro: NRAO). https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/35743

13. RH interview with CMW, 29 December 2003.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13767

14. DSH Memo to Findlay, Drake, Hvatum, Wade, Hogg, Vinokur, Callendar, 5 March 1962, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Antenna Planning.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16227

17. J. Pawsey, Notes of Future Program at Green Bank, 17 July 1962.  NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Antenna Planning.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16206

18. Pawsey sent copies of his letter to Heeschen, Tape, and Rabi, with a note to Heeschen that “it is highly provisional and could well be modified after further discussion with you people in Green Bank.”  Pawsey to Erickson 27 June 1962, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Antenna Planning.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16203

19. Pawsey to Scheuer, 4 July 1962. NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Antenna Planning.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16205

20. Erickson to Pawsey, 28 August 1962. NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Antenna Planning.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16211

24. KIK interview with CMW, 21 March 2015, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews.  The VLA did not use fiber optic links until the EVLA upgrade 40 years later.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13897

25. CMW, November 1963, NAA-NRAO NM Operations, VLA, Design and Construction.   https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/20331

27. KIK interview with DSH, 31 May 2011, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13895

56. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/20432

61. The Panel membership was retained from the 1st meeting, although Merle Tuve was unable to attend the 2nd meeting of the Panel.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/20451

104. KIK interview with BFB, 20 June 2012, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13893

127. This section is based in part on the detailed report by Jack Lancaster (1982) on construction of the VLA, NAA-NRAO, NM Operations, VLA Operations.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/35743

134. KIK interview with WEH, 20 September 2011, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13896

144. See Ekers, R. 1987, The First Seven Years of VLA Operations – VLA 1980-1987,  NAA-NRAO, NM Operations, VLA Operations.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/35723

Chapter 8

52. KIK interview with WEH III, 23 September 2011, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13896

Chapter 9

23. DSH, Proposal for the development of a Large Antenna, 16 December 1957, NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Planning Documents.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/21738

28. J. Findlay and D. Heeschen, The National Radio Astronomy Observatory and a Very Large Antenna, 27 May 1960.  NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Antenna Planning.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16168

33. J. Findlay, The Largest Feasible Steerable Filled-Aperture Telescope, 14 January 1965, LFSP/JWF/1.  NAA-NRAO, Green Bank Operations, LFST, Box 9.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/19813

Chapter 10

3. FDD to F. Low, 27 March 1962, NAA-NRAO, Tucson Operations, 36 foot Telescope, Box 2; KIK interview with FDD, 14 September 2010, NAA-KIK, Oral Interviews. https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/13894

4. J. Pawsey, Notes of Future Program at Green Bank, 17 July 1962.  NAA-NRAO, Founding and Organization, Antenna Planning.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/16206

12. P. Mezger, Principal Considerations of Radioastronomical Observations at Very High Frequencies, March 1964, NAA-NRAO, Tucson Operations, 36 foot Telescope, Box 3.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/20190

Chapter 11

5. J. Oort to GR, 30 August 1945, NAA-GR, Correspondence, General Correspondence I.  https://www.nrao.edu/archives/items/show/18491

 

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